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Inspiring... This is a miracle story. Long Haul Truck Driver Dave cured his own cancer, diabetes, kidney disease, heart disease, and lost over 200 pounds, fully regaining his health, natural vigor and great enthusiasm for life with natural organic fresh, dark leafy green and colorful vegetables, fruits and no animal products. These valuable and inspirational videos were provided by the "LifeRegenerator," Dan McDonald and others as well. Dave's and Dan's Juice Recipe below. Updated with an extremely enlightening set of new videos with Dave. : )

May 2010 Dave is Glowing with Health in His Own Way
A very enlightening and enervating series of videos where Dave the Raw Food Trucker discusses his health and spiritual evolution from almost dying of cancer, kidney disease, diabetes and more, to now living a life of vibrant, glowing health and utter joy and happiness. Recorded by Megumi of DivineFoodsLiving in the Valley of Longevity, Vilcabamba, Ecuador during the World Raw Food Conference sponsored by Matt and Angela Monarch. I absolutely love Dave and his loving, giving and refreshing spirit. His videos with the LifeRegenerator have inspired and helped many people to overcome life threatening health conditions using dark green leafy juice and raw foods.

Dave and Friends Make Juice - Dave Discusses His Miracle Healing

UPDATE: All 16 Videos of Dave the Raw Food Truck Driver and Dan McDonald the "LifeRegenerator": (This video will play automatically in consecutive order. : )

Dave was taking 15 medical drugs a day, he's now down to 5. He was off his Diabetes medication in 4 days by closely adhering to Gabriel Cousen's book, "There Is a Cure for Diabetes: The Tree of Life 21-Day+ Program."

IMPORTANT NOTE: It is advised in the book that you must be VERY careful as the juicing can cause Glucose Levels to PLUMMET so much that medications may need to be stopped in the beginning. It is always advisable to seek licensed professional monitoring and counsel, of course.

Dave started his raw food lifestyle by using nutbutters and stopping at raw food restaurants along his truck route. After 3 to 4 months, he began raw juicing using Gabriel Cousen's raw juice recipes. In 4 days, his Glucose Levels dropped from over 400 to between 80 and 90. Previously, his doctor had recommended having his kidney removed because it was leaking protein so heavily. After raw foods for 16 months, his kidneys were back to normal.

Dave and Dan McDonald Get Into the Nitty Gritty of Making Juice



 

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Quote from Life Regenerator, Dan McDonald...
"For those new to this series, check out preceding videos at http://bit.ly/Hfc1X & this quick backgrounder on Dave's amazing story of natural healing!:
My friend Dave the Raw Food Trucker tells his story of how he came from the brink of death to heal himself of several diseases including colon cancer, type II diabetes & kidney disease, all via the consumption of raw foods. Not to mention his amazing weight loss of 178 pounds over the last 16 months, and he's not stopping there. He's going to go ALL the way with his health, and wants YOU too as well. This guy is a TRUE SUPERHERO!!"

~~~

Dave the truck driver, had colon cancer stage 3, diabetes, kidney disease, plus an array of other deadly afflictions. He was on 19 prescription medications and weighed over 400 pounds. With juices, he experienced an unbelievable healing without chemotherapy or other medical treatments. Raw green juicing. He carries his juicer with 100 foot extension cord everywhere he goes. : )

From: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_U3pnVKrhdo:

Dave the Raw Food Trucker Recipe from Life-Regenerator.com "Dan the Man" (Dan McDonald) Youtube Videos (Quoted):

♥ DAVE THE RAW FOOD TRUCKER'S 3-GALLON
SUPER SPECIAL LIFE-SAVING POWER JUICE !!! ♥

These ingredients are what Dave uses to make 3 gallons worth of juice at once, to last him 3 days on the road. This is an ULTRA LOW-glycemic juice & Dave credits it for helping to cure his body of Type II Diabetes & Stage IV Colon Cancer.

Dave is ALL about having his produce be 100% organic. As he healed himself of serious conditions & his body still isn't done healing himself of all the excess weight, he feels this is vital. But you just do the best you can!

* I n g r e d i e n t s *

**In the preceding Video #9, Dave
went over all of the ingredients below...
Visit http://bit.ly/8iheT to see that first!**

— 5 bunches Spinach (w/ stems intact; not just the leaves)
— 2 bunches Red Chard
— 3 bunches Collard Greens
— 3 bunches Kale
— 4 bunches Cilantro
— 1 bunch Fresh Basil
— 4 bunches Beet Greens (Dave ONLY juices the greens of the beets & NOT the actual beets, as he's still recovering from the diabetes. For those not dealing w/ diabetes, feel free to juice the beets!
— 6 Red Bell Peppers
— 4 Yellow Bell Peppers
— 2 heads Fennel
— 4 heads Celery
— 12 Cucumbers (unpeeled if organic; peeled if inorganic)
— 2 dozen on-the-vine Tomatoes
— 3 heads Broccoli
— 1 pound Baby Bok Choy (or 1 bunch Bok Choy)
— 1 bunch Mustard Greens (use a smaller amount if the flavor is too strong)
— 4 bunches Parsley (2 Regular, 2 Italian)
— 1 bunch Asparagus
— 1 large Fresh Aloe Leaf (inorganic ok; organic is rarely available...also, only juice the lower portion of it & always juice a bit & taste, juice a bit & taste, as it can be VERY potent)
— 1 bottle of E3Live Algae (Blue Green Algae)
— Rainbow Light Advanced Systems Digestive Enzymes (to help control gas, especially when you first jump into a program like this! If you can't find this brand, look for a type that's raw vegan & whole-plant sourced)

Dave also adds Hallelujah Acres Barley Max (Barley Green Powder)

*Dan added a couple more ingredients,
picked fresh from the garden!*
— 1 bunch wild Lamb's Quarters
— 1 bunch wild Plantain

* B e n e f i t s *

— Plantain ~ Moves the lymphatic system: Pulls mucus, etc. out of the body
— Tomatoes ~ For delicious flavor!
— Aloe Leaf ~ Soothes the GI tract, especially if there are ulcers and/or inflammation!
— Broccoli ~ Some call it the "answer to cancer" but what do you think?

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Inspirational videos and text | Use at your own Discretion | Personal Testimony: We have found stunning and amazing results with jaw juice. We have used the Gerson Diet and Juices and see life changing, life-altering success | $75 may be a little low at today's prices

Dave the Trucker is still dealing with Diabetes and therefore avoids sweet fruits and sweet vegetables such as sugar beets. Those who do not have diabetes can use these in their juices.

WHAT TO DO WITH THE PULP?

Here's a list of wonderful and amazing things you can do with the pulp remains:

* Make incredibly delicious broth for soups
* Broth for cooking sprouted grains, rice, etc.
* Broth for a delightful "vegetable tea"
* Use pulp to make nutritious cookies, muffins, cakes
* Pets love simmered pulp leavings - delicious! : )
* Added to home made pet food
* Excellent Compost for your cozy bin of worms (they love it : )

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Enjoy!

~~~

Notes:

Dave the Trucker's and LifeRegenerator's Series of Youtube Videos Individually Listed
(You can see the entire series in playlist format at the top of page)

#1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Ip-VkRgHkM 
#2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fSNmKVfSAPk 
#3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9P0i3EdH-w 
#4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6GE2RYXiAnE 
#5. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VadVz6bvI5k 
#6. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7pas6xt2ew 
#7. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTfOt5gIyZs 
#8. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sTlHVoyy7Xc 
#9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7-MYPOFPII  
#10. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_U3pnVKrhdo 
#11. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kik2pvx6Lw8 
#12. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpJeASKipr4 
#13. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FRri0IjcbgM 
#14. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPIHuLV8q24 
#15. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g4JQtEZRsq4 
#16. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GwNEkA9p1ko

Dave found out the exercise was important for sleep, Barley Max ("Rocket Fuel"), enzymes for urinary constancy.

He recommends detoxing GRADUALLY - lots of raw food, adding organics gradually, always consulting a doctor.

He enjoys new varieties green vegetables at the oriental markets. (Find organic : )

He loves raw food restaurants that provide so much encouragement and inspiration to transition to a raw foods diet. Cafe Gratitudes, Juliano's in LA, etc.

Re: Colonics - Important for losing weight, cleansing, detoxification.

He is off all pharmaceutical and prescription drugs. He used to take over 13 drugs per day.

Dave has found a new enlightenment and "state of grace..." He has found extreme joy and contentment. A new, profound peace.

Dave believes in no animal products.

Dave is 99% everything - he "doesn't want to be a purist." : )

He believes most people no longer have all the digestive enzymes they need and cannot simply digest all the nutrients they need. People crave more food because they're not getting what they need. Today's food in cans, jars, bottles and boxes have lost all their enzymes.

About Juice Feasting
"After starting a juice feast, a lot of women who are post menopausal regain their periods after day 10 and 22. Raw juicing can bring your body back to where it really belongs."

Dave's libido increased. More energy, more life force or Holy Spirit, feeling like "you're waking up, wondering why you never felt this way in your life."

Dave used the following books:
** The China Study
** There is a Cure for Diabetes (Dave uses this book for his diet - he drinks as much juice as he wants.)
** Rainbow Green Life food Cuisine (Dave used the Section: Stage One for Diabetics)

Book Links:

** The China Study: The Most Comprehensive Study of Nutrition Ever Conducted and the Startling Implications for Diet, Weight Loss and Long-term Health
** Rainbow Green Live-Food Cuisine Gabriel Cousens
** There Is a Cure for Diabetes: The Tree of Life 21-Day+ Program Gabriel Cousens
** Gabriel Cousens, MD: Rainbow-Green Live-Food Cuisine
* Conscious Eating: Second Edition Gabriel Cousens
* Healthy at 100: The Scientifically Proven Secrets of the World's Healthiest and Longest-Lived Peoples

~~~

More Great Videos with Dave:

Individual Links of the video series I moved more to the top:


Transform your Life with Dave the Raw Food Truck Driver #1



Transform your Life with Dave #2 How to: Tornado of Love and Reversing Diabetes


Transform your Life with Dave #4 His Power Message to You


Transform your Life with Dave #3 Are you aware?


Life Rocks! with Dave the Raw Food Truck Driver


Transform your Life with Dave #5 Third Eye Opening

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One more video to watch : )

Spreadin' the Raw Love with Dave the Raw Food Truck Driver
(Dave's portion starts after the introduction)

~~~

More Notes from Dan McDonald's Youtube Channel LifeRegenerator about Dan

This is VIDEO #8 of my weekly chats
with my friend Dave the Raw Food Trucker! ♥

For those of you just joining us on this video, make sure to watch the rest of this series of videos at http://bit.ly/Hfc1X and also quickly read the following background info on Dave's amazing story of natural healing....

My friend Dave the raw food truck driver tells his story of how he came from the brink of death to heal himself of several diseases including colon cancer, type II diabetes, kidney disease, with the consumption of raw foods. Not to mention his amazing weight loss of 178 pounds over the last 16 months, and he's not stopping there. He is going to go ALL the way with his health, and wants YOU too as well. This guy is a TRUE SUPERHERO!!

*****VIDEO #8 UPDATE*****
This week, we find Dave at a raw food meetup group in Redmond, WA where Cherie Calbom, "The Juice Lady" was the special guest. Cherie has been wanting to meet Dave for awhile, so she invited up to the front to share a little bit more about how he healed himself of cancer and diabetes, and I gotta say, this is one powerful message!

After Dave first healed himself of type II diabetes, the doctors then told him that he had stage IV colon cancer...basically a death sentence! Thank goodness he didn't believe in that death sentence, as here is what he thought instead....go, Dave!!!:

If this stuff right here can heal my diabetes in 4 days, it can probably heal the cancer!

When I started on a juicing program to heal the colon cancer, I told no one...as I'm sure they would have thought I was nuts...I didn't want to waste time being defensive, so I just focused on my healing instead. Today, I'm happy to now continually bear witness to others also healing themselves of cancer...like my friend Jared, who has successfully reversed a stage IV skin cancer melanoma that had metastasized throughout his body, simply by going raw vegan.

How I first got into the raw food and juicing path was from my raw vegan friends Dave & Judit...who I credit today with saving my life. They had told me about a way of eating that would allow me to eat as much as I want, and still lose weight, while possibly healing myself of diabetes in the process. I was a 400 pound fat man at the time, so I listened!!

During the first week it was VERY challenging to stay on track, trying to just eat fruits and vegetables. But by the second week they invited me to a raw food restaurant in Santa Monica, called Juliano's Planet Raw. When I sat down and tasted that food, I just KNEW that I could then stay raw....so then I began seeking out every raw food restaurant that I could find, such as:

**IN CALIFORNIA**

— Euphoria loves Rawvolution Cafe & Retail Store —
2301 Main St. (btwn Yoga Works & Urth Caffe)
Santa Monica, CA 90405
Open daily 11AM - 9PM
Visit http://bit.ly/15M0qF for the menu...

**PLUS!! Rawvolution offers NATIONAL OVERNIGHT DELIVERY to anywhere in the continental US, as well as LOCAL delivery in LA & NYC. Check http://rawvolution.com for details.

— Juliano's Planet Raw —
609 Broadway Ave.
Santa Monica, CA 90401
Mon-Fri:10AM - 10PM
Sat-Sun:10AM - 11PM

— Leaf Organics —
in LA (Culver City) & Sherman Oaks
visit http://bit.ly/eSQkj for location details

— Au Lac Restaurant —
16563 Brookhurst St.
Fountain Valley, CA
visit http://bit.ly/IJ2jk for details

— Café Gratitude —
in many locations!
San Francisco, Berkeley, San Rafael, Healdsburg, and in the Oakland Whole Foods!
visit http://bit.ly/IkveG for location details
visit http://bit.ly/5kNle for menu

**IN WASHINGTON STATE**

— Chaco Canyon Organic Café —
4757 12th Ave. NE (@ 50th St.)
Seattle, WA 98105
visit http://chacocanyoncafe.com for details

— Thrive —
1026 NE 65th St. (@ Roosevelt Way)
Seattle, WA 98115
visit http://generationthrive.com for details

~~~

Juice Recipes for Healing *
Fasting Juice Recipes *
Vegetable Juicing *
Vegetable Juice Recipes for Weight Loss *
Raw Vegetable Diet *

VIDEO #9 of my weekly chats
w/ my friend Dave the Raw Food Trucker! ❤

For those new to this series, make sure to watch the the other videos here http://bit.ly/Hfc1X & also refer to this quick backgrounder on Dave's amazing story of natural healing!:

My friend Dave the Raw Food Trucker tells his story of how he came from the brink of death to heal himself of several diseases including colon cancer, type II diabetes & kidney disease, all via the consumption of raw foods. Not to mention his amazing weight loss of 178 pounds over the last 16 months, and he's not stopping there. He's going to go ALL the way with his health, and wants YOU too as well. This guy is a TRUE SUPERHERO!!

*****VIDEO #9 UPDATE*****
This week, Dave's with me here at the RV making what may be the most powerful & amazing juice recipe that mankind has ever known...it's...

❤ DAVE THE RAW FOOD TRUCKER'S 3-GALLON
SUPER SPECIAL LIFE-SAVING POWER JUICE !!! ❤

Yeah!!!! This is definitely one of those juicing recipes for good health!

Dave first wants to thank Dr. Gabriel Cousens, MD and his entire team at the Tree of Life http://treeoflife.nu for LITERALLY SAVING HIS LIFE. If it wasn't for Dave reading Dr. Cousens' book "There is a Cure for Diabetes" http://bit.ly/vZtsw or his friends Dave & Judit who recommended the book to him, who knows what would've happened!

These ingredients are what Dave uses to make 3 gallons worth of juice at once, so as to last him 3 days on the road. This is an ULTRA LOW-glycemic juice, the same juice Dave credits for helping to cure his body of Type II Diabetes & Stage IV Colon Cancer.

Dave is ALL about having his vegetables be 100% organic. As he healed himself of serious conditions & his body still isn't done healing himself of all the excess weight, he feels this is vital. As for you, just do the best you can!

* I n g r e d i e n t s *

— 5 bunches Spinach (pulled straight from ground w/ stems intact; not just the leaves)
— 2 bunches Red Chard
— 3 bunches Collard Greens
— 3 bunches Kale
— 4 bunches Cilantro
— 1 bunch Fresh Basil
— 4 bunches Beet Greens (Dave ONLY juices the greens of the beets & NOT the actual beets because he's still recovering from the diabetes. For those not recovering or healing from diabetes, feel free to juice the beets!
— 6 Red Bell Peppers
— 4 Yellow Bell Peppers
— 2 heads Fennel
— 4 heads Celery
— 12 Cucumbers (unpeeled if organic; peeled if inorganic)
— 2 dozen on-the-vine Tomatoes
— 3 heads Broccoli
— 1 pound Baby Bok Choy (or 1 bunch Bok Choy)
— 1 bunch Mustard Greens
— 4 bunches Parsley (2 Regular, 2 Italian)
— 1 bunch Asparagus
— 1 large Fresh Aloe Leaf (inorganic ok; organic is rarely available...also, only juice the lower portion of it & always juice a bit & taste, juice a bit & taste, as it can be VERY potent)
— 1 bottle of E3Live Algae
— Rainbow Light Advanced Systems Digestive Enzymes (to help control gas, especially when you first jump into a program like this! If you can't find this brand, look for a type that's raw vegan & whole-plant sourced)

* B e n e f i t s *

— Red Chard ~ High in betacarotene

— Collard Greens ~ High in phytonutrients

— Kale ~ Has the highest known level of phytonutrients in it that are digestible by humans (over 2x the level of spinach!)

— Beets ~ Beet green leaves have 2,000x the level of Vitamin K in them than the actual beets, so that's why its worth it to Dave to buy them just for their greens!

— Bell Peppers ~ Great for flavor

— Celery & Cucumber ~ Function well as a hydrating juice base

— Tomatoes ~ Dave likes them because of the lycopene and chooses not to believe what they say about having to cook tomatoes in order to get more lycopene, for if you're cooking tomatoes, you're destroying the very enzymes that your body needs to digest the lycopene! What good is ingesting more lycopene if you can't adequately digest, assimilate & utilize it?

— Aloe Leaf ~ Incredible for the cardiovascular system!

* I n s p i r a t i o n *

— Over the past 15 months or so, Dave estimates that he spent 150 NON-consecutive days just on juice. BarleyMax is like rocket fuel for Dave! http://BarleyMax.com

— Per liter of juice Dave drinks on the road, he throws in the contents of 1 fresh digestive enzyme capsule

— Dave has lost 188 pounds so far, is currently down to a size 40 pant & is on the fast-track to catching up with me! I better watch out!

— The cost of all of these vegetables for 3 gallons of juice to be drunk over a span of 3 days came to approx. $75.

♥ Is $25 a day really too much to save your life?

♥ You Like?...Please Subscribe to this Channel! ♥
♥ Friend me on Facebook! http://bit.ly/1acIhU ♥

Love, Dan

Love, Dan (the LifeRegenerator on Youtube)

~~~

Dan McDonald and his girlfriend Krista are extremely loving and giving and share tons of free information on Youtube. Dan is not afraid to be completely open and candid about his life changes and evolution. His girlfriend Krista is a techie wizard. : )

This is an amazing and beautifully done, full length documentary of Farrah Fawcett's fight with devastating cancer. She reveals extraordinary courage, generosity and openness in revealing it's ravages on screen. Farrah Fawcett is a beautiful and renowned actress, life love of actor Ryan O'Neal, mother of Redmond O'Neal and original star of "Charlie's Angels."

Visit msnbc.com for Breaking News, World News, and News about the Economy

Cancer is an insidious monster of a disease, and Farrah wonders why doctors in the United States don't use successful alternative treatment methods used in other countries. She also found it almost equally emotionally devastating to contend with the invasive untruths and downright lies printed in the tabloids about these most personal, private and painful aspects of her life.

She has inspired so many with this documentary, as she reveals the good, the bad, the horrific about life facing this insidious, even diabolical disease. She writes beautifully, openly, in the hopes of showing the truth about cancer.

Shot by her and friend Alana Stewart (ex-wife of rockstar Al Stewart) and includes former Angels Kate Jackson and Jacklyn Smith as well as other very special people.

Throughout this very emotional series of videos, you can see how special Farrah is, both inside and out.

For those facing very difficult circumstances, this may provide inspiration on how to go on and confront difficulties with renewed strength, as Farrah did so many times.

This video series is unforgettable.

Here's a tasty steak. Is it good for you? This study may have some answers for you.

Okay. Here's the latest skinny about eating red meat and processed meats and how it affects your risk of dying from cancer and/or heart disease. Cheery!

Below, you will find a rather comprehensive article about the newest research on this joyous topic conducted via the National Cancer Institute (not a particularly rinkydink organization).

The Not So Good News
You have at least a 20% to 50% higher risk of cancer or heart disease if you eat the equivalent of a red meat quarter pound hamburger per day. (We're not talking about soyburgers, folks.)

Of course, there are always those who believe it's not worth living anyway unless they can chow down on a steak a day, anyhoos. So be it.

The Not So Bad News
Processed meats were slightly less likely than the red stuff to increase your risk of dying from cancer or heart attack. Oscar Meyer should be relieved and proud.

Must be all those helpful preservatives, organ meats and veggie fillers. Right? : )

The research did not include those who were vegetarians. That would be another interesting study. 

For some unknown reason, it would probably just so happen to be that a diet of veggies only might have even lower rates of dying from cancer and heart disease than eating meat.

Why?

Because nobody said life is fair! : )

SUMMARY: Red and processed meat intakes were associated with moderate increases in total mortality, cancer mortality, and cardiovascular disease mortality.

High intakes of red or processed meat may increase the risk of mortality. The objective was to determine the relations of red, white, and processed meat intakes to risk for total and cause-specific mortality among
The researchers followed  more than 545,000 people who were AARP members, aged 50 to 71 years old, for 10 years. Over 70,000 people died during that period of time.

Study subjects were recruited from AARP members, a group that's healthier than other similarly aged Americans. That means the findings may not apply to all groups, Sinha said. The study relied on people's memory of what they ate, which can be faulty.

Men and women in the highest vs lowest 20% of red and processed meat intakes had elevated risks for overall mortality. Regarding cause-specific mortality, men and women had elevated risks for cancer mortality for red and processed meat intakes.

Furthermore, cardiovascular disease risk was elevated for men and women in the highest 20% of red and processed meat  intakes. When comparing the highest with the lowest 20% of white meat intake, there was an inverse association for total mortality and cancer mortality, as well as all other deaths for both men and women.

In the final analysis, results took into account factors such as smoking, family history of cancer and body weight.

Conclusion: Red and processed meat intakes were associated with modest increases in total mortality, cancer mortality, and cardiovascular disease mortality.

Researcher:
Rashmi Sinha is an investigator in the Nutrition Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, at the National Cancer Institute. Research interests include the role of meat, heterocyclic aromatic amines, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cancer etiology, as well as the interaction of genetic susceptibility and nutrition in cancer. Other interests include vitamins A, C and E and cancer, DDT and breast cancer, and development of biomarkers of diet. Sinha’s honors include the National Institute of Health Award of Merit and the Technology Transfer Award. Sinha is associate editor of the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, is a reviewer for numerous journals, and has served on a variety of professional committees and boards.

In other words, eating around a quarter pound of red meat daily had a 22 percent higher risk of dying from cancer and a 27 percent higher rate of dying from heart disease than those who ate less than 5 ounces of red meat per week.

Women had a 20 percent higher risk of dying from cancer and 50 percent higher risk of dying from heart disease than those women who ate small amounts.

As for processed meats, the rates of dying from cancer and heart disease were only slightly lower than red meat.

The lowest rates of increased death due to cancer and heart disease were among those who ate white meat and fish.

"11 percent of deaths in men and 16 percent of deaths in women could have been prevented if they had decreased their meat consumption to the equivalent of a quarter of a small hamburger a day. The chance of men dying of cardiovascular disease would have decreased 11 percent - and 21 percent for women."

Additional Meat Consumption Information:
Diets containing substantial amounts of red or preserved meats may increase the risk of various cancers. This association may be due to a combination of factors, such as content of fat, protein, and iron, and/or meat preparation (e.g. cooking or preserving methods).

Laboratory results have shown that meats cooked at high temperatures contain heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are mutagenic and carcinogenic in animals. To investigate the role of these compounds we have created separate databases for mutagenic activity,

HCAs, and PAHs, which we have used in conjunction with a validated meat-cooking food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The role of meat type, cooking methods, doneness levels, and meat-cooking mutagens has been examined in both case-control studies and prospective cohort studies.

The results from these studies are mixed for different sub-types of meat, cooking methods, and doneness levels, as well as for estimated intakes of mutagenic activity, HCA, and PAHs.

An additional role of red meat in colon cancer could be through the contribution to N-nitroso compound (NOC) exposure.

Humans can be exposed to NOCs by exogenous (produced outside the body ) routes (from processed meats in particular) and by endogenous (produced within the body) routes.

Endogenous exposure to NOCs has been shown to be dose-dependently related to the amount of red meat in the diet. Recent work suggests that heme iron in red meat may explain the high levels of endogenous NOC, levels equivalent to those found in cigarette smoke.

NOTES:

First Study:

A 124-item food frequency questionnaire ( http://riskfactor.cancer.gov/DHQ/forms/files/shared/dhq1.2002.sample.pdf ) was completed at baseline.

The food frequency questionnaire collected information on the usual consumption of foods and drinks and portion sizes over the last 12 months.

The validity of the food frequency questionnaire was estimated using two 24-hour recalls,8 and the estimated energy-adjusted correlations ranged from 0.36 to 0.76 for various nutrients and attenuation factors ranged from 0.24 to 0.68.

Red meat intake was calculated using the frequency of consumption and portion size information of all types of beef and pork and included bacon, beef, cold cuts, ham, hamburger, hotdogs, liver, pork, sausage, steak, and meats in foods such as pizza, chili, lasagna, and stew.

White meat included chicken, turkey, and fish and included poultry cold cuts, chicken mixtures, canned tuna, and low-fat sausages and low-fat hotdogs made from poultry.

Processed meat included bacon, red meat sausage, poultry sausage, luncheon meats (red and white meat), cold cuts (red and white meat), ham, regular hotdogs and low-fat hotdogs made from poultry.

The components constituting red or white and processed meats can overlap because both can include meats such as bacon, sausage, and ham, while processed meat can also included smoked turkey and chicken.

During 10 years of follow-up, there were 47,976 male deaths and 23,276 female deaths.

In general, those in the highest quintile of red meat intake tended to consume a slightly lower amount of white meat but a higher amount of processed meat compared with those in the lowest 20%.

Subjects who consumed more red meat tended to be married, more likely of non-Hispanic white ethnicity, more likely a current smoker, have a higher body mass index, and have a higher daily intake of energy, total fat, and saturated fat, and they tended to have lower education and physical activity levels and lower fruit, vegetable, fiber, and vitamin supplement intakes.

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